時尚因他塑形!時尚史上的傳奇之名,《Balenciaga: Shaping Fashion》展覽

Elise Daniels with street performers, suit by Balenciaga, Le Marais, Paris, 1948. Photograph by Richard Avedon © The Richard Avedon. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

回顧時尚歷史,有這麼一名大師,曾讓不屑同時代男性設計師的香奈兒女士(Coco Chanel)說出「他是真正卓越的女裝設計師」;更讓鼎鼎大名的迪奧先生(Christian Dior)讚美,「如果把高級定製服想成是一部交響樂,那指揮家非他莫屬,我們其他設計師就是聽他指令的音樂家。」迪奧先生口中的,正是同名品牌的創辦人 Cristóbal Balenciaga。在西班牙起家的他,1919 年在San Sebastián 開設第一家時裝店,創立後不到 20 年間就征服了全西班牙的達官貴人,接著遷移巴黎並一躍成為時尚史上名聲最響亮的品牌之一。

迪奧先生對 Balenciaga 致上的最高讚美。Photography/ Athena Chen.

Lisa Fonssagrives-Penn wearing coat by Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1950. Photograph by Irving Penn © Condé Nast, Irving Penn Foundation. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Alberta Tiburzi in 'envelope' dress by Cristóbal Balenciaga, Harper's Bazaar, June 1967 © Hiro 1967. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

Dovima with Sacha, cloche and suit by Balenciaga, Café des Deux Magots, Paris, 1955. Photograph by Richard Avedon © The Richard Avedon. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

Lisa Fonssagrives-Penn wearing coat by Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1950. Photograph by Irving Penn © Condé Nast, Irving Penn Foundation. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Alberta Tiburzi in 'envelope' dress by Cristóbal Balenciaga, Harper's Bazaar, June 1967 © Hiro 1967. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Dovima with Sacha, cloche and suit by Balenciaga, Café des Deux Magots, Paris, 1955. Photograph by Richard Avedon © The Richard Avedon. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

距 Balenciaga 創辦人 Cristóbal Balenciaga 逝世 45 年後的今日,倫敦 V&A 博物館適逢此時舉辦了《巴黎世家:形塑時尚》(Balenciaga: Shaping Fashion)的精彩回顧展。由於 Cristóbal Balenciaga 生前極少接受採訪,展覽策展人 Cassie Davies-Strodder 下了一個註解:「因為這位西班牙設計師的寡言,留給後人除了一連串無從證實的秘聞,剩餘的就是衣服。」這次展覽除了 Balenciaga 最具代表性的服裝,也展示了眾多親手繪製的設計手稿、模特照片紀錄、各式布料與面料和時裝秀片段,帶領人們一窺當年時尚品牌運作所需要的各種項目。

Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

從製衣裁縫師到後來革新剪裁工藝、更新服裝面料,Cristobal Balenciaga 可說是徹地打破女性服裝的設計規則。在他當時身處的 5、60 年代,當多數設計師還在追隨 New Look 潮流時,Balenciaga 已經趨前推出了解構設計,大膽嘗試比例搭配。走進展廳第一眼,便能看見一件綠色布袋連身裙;這件解放女性曲線、優雅中更不失未來感的設計,可說是 Balenciaga 大膽創新的最佳體現。除此之外,他更是極簡主義的先鋒,在 1967 年便做出了只有三處縫合的婚紗裙。

工作室裡頭的 Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1968. Photograph Henri Cartier-Bresson © Henri Cartier-Bresson, Magnum Photos. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum. 

Model wearing Balenciaga orange coat as I. Magnin buyers inspect a dinner outfit in the background, Paris, France, 1954 © Mark Shaw, mptvimages.com. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Behind the Scenes for Balenciaga Shaping Fashion exhibition in the Conservation Studios © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
'Baby doll' cocktail dress, crêpe de chine, lace and satin, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1958 © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Evening dress, wild silk with embroidery by Lesage, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1960-1962 © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Bolero jacket, EISA, Spain, 1947 © Museo Cristóbal Balenciaga. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
工作室裡頭的 Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1968. Photograph Henri Cartier-Bresson © Henri Cartier-Bresson, Magnum Photos. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Model wearing Balenciaga orange coat as I. Magnin buyers inspect a dinner outfit in the background, Paris, France, 1954 © Mark Shaw, mptvimages.com. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Model wearing Balenciaga orange coat as I. Magnin buyers inspect a dinner outfit in the background, Paris, France, 1954 © Mark Shaw, mptvimages.com. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Behind the Scenes for Balenciaga Shaping Fashion exhibition in the Conservation Studios © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Evening dress, wild silk with embroidery by Lesage, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1960-1962 © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Behind the Scenes for Balenciaga Shaping Fashion exhibition in the Conservation Studios © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Evening dress, wild silk with embroidery by Lesage, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1960-1962 © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
'Baby doll' cocktail dress, crêpe de chine, lace and satin, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Paris, 1958 © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Bolero jacket, EISA, Spain, 1947 © Museo Cristóbal Balenciaga. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

1967 年 Balenciaga 便設計出只有三處縫合的婚紗裙,是當時極簡主義的先鋒。Photography/ Athena Chen.

除了展出服裝的輪廓與外表,展覽更邀請知名英國 X 光藝術家 Nick Veasey(回顧 Nick Veasey 專訪),讓我們有機會透視服裝內部精巧複雜的設計。現場也有多個 3D 建模解構服裝版型的動畫影片,讓人屢屢驚嘆 Balenciaga 精湛的立體剪裁手法,以及卓越的前瞻力。這些單線縫合大衣、燈籠裙和立體廓形披風等充滿建築美感的設計,成為 Cristobal Balenciaga 最為經典的代表作,即使在這個年代回顧,也依然十分前衛。

Silk taffeta evening dress, Balenciaga, 1954. Museum no. T.427-1967. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Silk taffeta evening dress, Balenciaga, 1954. X-ray by Nick Veasey, 2016. © Nick Veasey. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Evening dress, Balenciaga, 1965. Museum no. T.435-1985. X-ray by Nick Veasey, 2016. © Nick Veasey. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Evening dress, Balenciaga, 1965. Museum no. T.435-1985. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Silk taffeta evening dress, Balenciaga, 1954. Museum no. T.427-1967. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Silk taffeta evening dress, Balenciaga, 1954. X-ray by Nick Veasey, 2016. © Nick Veasey. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Evening dress, Balenciaga, 1965. Museum no. T.435-1985. X-ray by Nick Veasey, 2016. © Nick Veasey. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Evening dress, Balenciaga, 1965. Museum no. T.435-1985. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

展覽展出的服裝大多都出自 1950 至 60年代——Cristóbal Balenciaga 生前品牌的全盛時期。除了 V&A 博物館的館藏,更多來自 Balenciaga 當時的名媛客戶。像是好萊塢黃金時期的經典女演員 Greta Garbo、Ava Gardner,英國傳奇名媛 Gloria Guinness、德國貴族世家 Bismarck 的伯爵夫人(Bismarck 的伯爵夫人有個為人津津樂道的小插曲,她曾在 1963 年的一次試裝,一口氣訂下了 88 套衣服);策展人 Davies-Strodder 與團隊遠從法國、西班牙到瑞士等世界各處,搜羅了珍貴的 Balenciaga 服裝收藏。值得一提的,還有來自美國底特律的福特博物館(Henry Ford Museum)的 7 件收藏品;原來汽車發明人福特的孫子,有一名熱愛高級訂製服的丈母娘 Elizabeth Parke Firestone,她擁有為數眾多的 Balenciaga 設計服裝。

Balenciaga為貴婦名媛們設計適合各種場和的造型。Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga為貴婦名媛們設計適合各種場和的造型。Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

而 V&A 二樓的另一間展廳,則可以看到許多受 Cristóbal Balenciaga 影響的服裝設計師後輩作品;其中包含 Celine 創意總監Phoebe Philo、Alexander McQueen、Hussein Chalayan 以及川久保玲等人,如今都成為服裝史上極具代表性的時尚名號。「現在很多設計師都會來到我們的收藏室找尋靈感,而最常被這些新生代設計師造訪的,便是 Balenciaga 的收藏。」策展人 Davies-Strodder 說道,「看來即使到了現在,Balenciaga 先生對時尚界的影響還是非常深遠。我覺得他是一名『啟發設計師的設計師』(a ‘designer’s designer’),如同後來的 McQueen ,為後代新設計師們開拓出了新視野,以及大膽革新的精神,對時尚界影響深遠。」

Balenciaga為『啟發設計師的設計師』,從左邊立體圓形為 Hussein Chalayan 設計,最右的荷葉邊大衣則是出川久保玲。Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga為『啟發設計師的設計師』,從左邊立體圓形為 Hussein Chalayan 設計,最右的荷葉邊大衣則是出川久保玲。Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.
Balenciaga Shaping Fashion Exhibition installation © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Image Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum.

快轉到今年 Balenciaga 的 2017 秋冬女裝系列,更可以看到品牌現任創意總監 Demna Gvasalia 的幾件設計作為展品。而早在 3 月的 2017 秋冬女裝發布會上,他就用了 9 套靈感來自 Balenciaga 檔案館的服裝,向這位傳奇創辦人致敬。也許,正如已故的著名時裝編輯 Diana Vreeland 的總結是最恰當的:「Balenciaga 替這世界帶來時尚。」現在起至 2018 年 2 月 18 日期間,預計走訪倫敦的各位,千萬別錯過到 V&A 博物館,親眼見證這位時尚巨匠的傳奇作品。

Balenciaga: Shaping Fashion
Victoria & Albert Museum/ Cromwell Road, London SW7 2RL
T: +44 (0) 20-7942-2000
展覽至 2018 年 2 月 18  日

Images Courtesy of Victoria & Albert Museum.
Part of Photos by Athena Chen.

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